Niobium tube shell heat exchanger and niobium coil heat exchanger

In the fields of chemical engineering, nuclear energy and aerospace, niobium-based heat exchangers are widely used due to their outstanding corrosion resistance, high-temperature stability and thermal conductivity. They mainly have two structures: shell and tube type and coil type. The niobium tube shell heat exchanger adopts a modular integrated architecture. Its core components include thin-walled seamless niobium tube bundles, niobium-steel composite tube sheets or all-niobium tube sheets, carbon steel shell lined with niobium or fiberglass reinforced plastic, etc. The tube side is used for strong corrosive media, while the shell side is used for temperature media. It is easy to maintain and suitable for industrial scenarios with large flow rates and high heat exchange areas, such as cooling in concentrated sulfuric acid production and heat exchange in nitric acid during nuclear fuel reprocessing.

The niobium coil type heat exchanger is of a compact spiral structure, composed of cold-formed spiral niobium coils, hafnium alloy or titanium outer shells, etc. Its volume is 40% less than that of the shell and tube type. It can withstand an instantaneous temperature difference of ≥500℃, and the working pressure is generally ≤6MPa. The flow resistance is reduced through electrolytic polishing, and the addition of SiC coating can improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance. It is suitable for working conditions with rapid temperature changes and is applied in scenarios such as rocket engine fuel preheating and semiconductor ultra-pure acid heating where space is limited, rapid thermal response is required, and the medium added value is high.

Niobium tube shell and coil heat exchangers each have their own characteristics in terms of heat exchange area, pressure rating, temperature range, and manufacturing cost. Shell and tube types are suitable for large-scale heat exchange, industrial scenarios with high pressure/wide temperature range and easy maintenance, while coil types are suitable for scenarios with limited space, rapid thermal response and high medium added value. The two can be combined to form a complementary system. With the advancement of niobium processing technology, the application boundaries of the two types of equipment will be further expanded in the future, covering more extreme working condition demands.

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